Reproductive system
Definition- Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty. People with this condition are genetically male, with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome in each cell. Their bodies are unable to respond to certain male sex hormones, and they may have mostly female sex characteristics or signs of both male and female sexual development.
Symptoms- The first obvious symptoms often don't appear until puberty, which starts at around the age of 11. There are two main types of Androgen insensitivity syndrome
complete androgen insensitivity
Diagnosis- Doctors may do 3 different test to check your hormones check the sex chromosomes, check for a genetic fault, measure sex hormone levels
Cause- Androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome. These defects make the body unable to respond to the hormones that produce a male appearance.
Symptoms- The first obvious symptoms often don't appear until puberty, which starts at around the age of 11. There are two main types of Androgen insensitivity syndrome
complete androgen insensitivity
- not start having periods
- develop little or no pubic and underarm hair
- develop breasts and have growth spurts as normal, although she may end up slightly taller than usual for a girl
- a very small penis or an enlarged clitoris (the sexual organ that helps women reach sexual climax)
- partially undescended testicles
- hypospadias – where the hole that carries urine out of the body is on the underside of the penis, rather than at the end
- 1950: Lawson Wilkins administers daily testosterone to a female patient with both XY chromosomes , who shows no signs of male physical features . His experiment is the first documented demonstration of the physiology of AIS.
- 1970: Mary F. Lyon and Susan Hawkes reported that a gene on the X chromosome caused complete insensitivity to androgen in mice.
- 1981: Barbara Migeon narrowed down the locus of the human androgen receptor gene to somewhere between Xq11 and Xq13.
- 1988: The human androgen receptor gene is first cloned and partially analyzed by multiple parties. Terry Brown reported the first mutations proven to cause AIS.
- 1989: Terry Brown reported the exact locus of the AR gene and Dennis Lubahn . published its intron-exon boundaries.
- 1994: The androgen receptor gene mutations database was created to provide a comprehensive listing of mutations published in medical journals and conference proceedings.
Diagnosis- Doctors may do 3 different test to check your hormones check the sex chromosomes, check for a genetic fault, measure sex hormone levels
Cause- Androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome. These defects make the body unable to respond to the hormones that produce a male appearance.