Urinary System /Respiratory system
Teberculosis
Definition- an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.
Causes- The condition is spread when a person with an active TB infection in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
Treatment- Treatment isn't always required for those without symptoms. Patients with active symptoms will require a long course of treatment involving multiple antibiotics like Rifabutin, Ethionamide, Isoniazid
Diagnosis-A positive TB skin test or TB blood test only tells that a person has been infected with TB bacteria. It does not tell whether the person has latent TB infection (LTBI) or has progressed to TB disease. Other tests, such as a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB disease
Timeline/History
For the first time unquestionable identify M. tuberculosis has been reported in about 17 000 years ago when bison remains found signs of the disease. However, it is unclear whether TB first appeared in animals, and then passed to the people, or whether it spread the sole agent.
Both strains of tuberculosis are common ancestor that could infect people during the time of the Neolithic revolution. Remains of bones suggest that the prehistoric humans (4000 BC. E.) also had tuberculosis. The researchers found the remains of TB infection in Egyptian mummies dated 3000-2400 years BC. Around 460 BC. Hippocrates identified tuberculosis as the most widespread disease of the time. People with TB of the lungs, was fierce and they coughed up blood. People with this disease almost always die.
Before the Industrial Revolution in the folklore of TB is often associated with vampires. If one family member die from this disease, infected other family members slowly lose health. People thought that the person who first became ill with tuberculosis, took up life in the other family members.
In 1789, However, TB had many symptoms, so by the 1820s. It is not recognized as a single disease. In 1839, J. L. Schonlein first described the disease tuberculosis. During the 1838-1845 biennium. Dr. John Krohan, the owner of Mammoth Cave, make people with TB to live in the cave in the hope to cure disease by means of constant temperature and clean air of the cave, but within a year they all died. In 1859, Herman Bremer opened the first tuberculosis sanatorium in Sokolov, Poland.
On the March 24, 1882 Robert Koch discovered and described the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis. For this discovery in 1905 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Koch did not believe that animals (cattle) and the people suffered from the same TB. This idea led to delays recognition that infected milk was the source of infection. Later, when it was invented pasteurization process, the risk of infection from this source dropped considerably. In 1890 Koch reported that the extract glycerin tuberculin bacteria are the cure for tuberculosis. He called them "tuberculin". Although tuberculin treatment had no effect, while it began to be used as an analysis to identify pulmonary tuberculosis.
symptoms
Causes- The condition is spread when a person with an active TB infection in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
Treatment- Treatment isn't always required for those without symptoms. Patients with active symptoms will require a long course of treatment involving multiple antibiotics like Rifabutin, Ethionamide, Isoniazid
Diagnosis-A positive TB skin test or TB blood test only tells that a person has been infected with TB bacteria. It does not tell whether the person has latent TB infection (LTBI) or has progressed to TB disease. Other tests, such as a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB disease
Timeline/History
For the first time unquestionable identify M. tuberculosis has been reported in about 17 000 years ago when bison remains found signs of the disease. However, it is unclear whether TB first appeared in animals, and then passed to the people, or whether it spread the sole agent.
Both strains of tuberculosis are common ancestor that could infect people during the time of the Neolithic revolution. Remains of bones suggest that the prehistoric humans (4000 BC. E.) also had tuberculosis. The researchers found the remains of TB infection in Egyptian mummies dated 3000-2400 years BC. Around 460 BC. Hippocrates identified tuberculosis as the most widespread disease of the time. People with TB of the lungs, was fierce and they coughed up blood. People with this disease almost always die.
Before the Industrial Revolution in the folklore of TB is often associated with vampires. If one family member die from this disease, infected other family members slowly lose health. People thought that the person who first became ill with tuberculosis, took up life in the other family members.
In 1789, However, TB had many symptoms, so by the 1820s. It is not recognized as a single disease. In 1839, J. L. Schonlein first described the disease tuberculosis. During the 1838-1845 biennium. Dr. John Krohan, the owner of Mammoth Cave, make people with TB to live in the cave in the hope to cure disease by means of constant temperature and clean air of the cave, but within a year they all died. In 1859, Herman Bremer opened the first tuberculosis sanatorium in Sokolov, Poland.
On the March 24, 1882 Robert Koch discovered and described the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis. For this discovery in 1905 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Koch did not believe that animals (cattle) and the people suffered from the same TB. This idea led to delays recognition that infected milk was the source of infection. Later, when it was invented pasteurization process, the risk of infection from this source dropped considerably. In 1890 Koch reported that the extract glycerin tuberculin bacteria are the cure for tuberculosis. He called them "tuberculin". Although tuberculin treatment had no effect, while it began to be used as an analysis to identify pulmonary tuberculosis.
symptoms